History
The term autism was first used in 1911 by psychiatrist Bleuler to designate withdrawal active in the imaginary world of schizophrenic patients.
In 1938, Leo Kanner, an American psychiatrist receives for the first time in his clinic in Baltimore, a child of 5 years, Donald T., accompanied by his parents. They collected information on attitudes of their son bizarre since the age of 2 years. Donald has an amazing memory: he recognizes all the presidents in an encyclopedia, he can recite the alphabet, and the place upside down. But at the same time, he revels in solitude, he says little to affection, it includes language in a literal sense, he likes to make things turn and shake hands in the air. It reverses the pronominal forms, he said "will you take a bath? "Instead of" I want to take a bath! . Kanner the intuition that there is a particular behavior that presents remarkable and singular which is common to a group of children. The remarkable feature is the inability to establish a natural rapport with people from birth. Kanner implies that these children were born without the ability to create contact with people like'autres children are born with a physical or intellectual.
Five years later, Leo Kanner was isolated from 11 cases, an entity it defines as:
- Inability to connect
- Failure to establish normal relations with people
- Inability to react normally to situations since the beginning of life
- Need immutability
- Resistance to change
- islets of ability (memory)
These criteria are present in the two international classifications used reference today ' Today in the diagnosis of autism: the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10) of the World Health Organization and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) American Psychiatric Association.
- Social Interactions
- Communication
- Drive: stereotypies, gestures repetitive TOC
- imitation, symbolic play
abnormalities were apparent before the age of 3
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